The objects of economic expertise (research) may be:
- primary accounting documents;
- accounting registers;
- financial reporting documents;
- statistical reporting for the relevant periods;
- audit and control inspection reports;
- printed and certified electronic documents;
- organizational, administrative and planning and regulatory documents drawn up on the basis of legislative and regulatory acts.
The main tasks of the examination of documents relating to financial and credit transactions are:
- to determine the documentary validity of the processing of banking transactions involving the opening of accounts and the movement of funds in accounts;
- determining the documentary validity of the recording and accounting treatment of transactions relating to the granting, use and repayment of loans;
- determining the documentary validity of the recording and accounting treatment of banks’ financial and economic activities;
- determining compliance with current legislation of the reflection of financial and economic transactions of banks with the requirements of regulatory acts on accounting and reporting;
- determining the documentary validity of the reflection of financial and economic transactions regarding the accrual and payment of taxes by banks and their compliance with accounting and reporting data and current legislation;
- identifying the persons responsible for ensuring compliance with the requirements of regulatory and legal acts governing banking accounting and control.
Indicative list of issues to be addressed:
- Are the conclusions of the inspection report on compliance with the requirements of the current legislation on the documentation of operations (name of the bank) on the provision of loans, on the completeness and accrual and payment of interest for the use of loans by the borrower (name of the legal entity or surname, first name, patronymic of an individual) under the loan agreement (number, date) documented?
- Does the list of documents provided to the bank by the enterprise (name) to obtain credit funds under the loan agreement comply with the current Lending Regulations?
- Is the value of the assets (property) of the enterprise (borrower) provided as collateral under the loan agreement documented?
- Is the amount of the bank’s losses, determined in the inspection report (the subject of control is indicated), as a result of unjustified issuance or non-repayment of a loan under the agreement (number, date) documented?
- Are the accounting and primary documents confirming the misuse of loan funds under the agreement (number, date)?
- Is there documentary evidence of compliance by the bank (name) with the relevant standards for deductions to the insurance reserve?
- Does the calculation of the borrower’s debt to the bank (for payment of interest on the loan and repayment of the principal amount of the debt) available in the case materials comply with the terms of the loan agreement concluded between the specified parties and the settlement documents regarding the issuance and repayment of the loan under this loan agreement?
- Does the bank’s method of accruing interest under the loan agreement (details of the agreement are indicated) comply with the requirements of the Regulations on Lending to the Bank (name of the banking institution is indicated)?
Together with the document on the appointment of an expert examination (engagement of an expert), the expert should be provided with accounting and tax accounting documents that contain information – the initial data for resolving the issues raised. Such documents may include: income and expense invoices, orders, reports of materially responsible persons, warehouse accounting cards, cash books, inventory materials, audit reports, time sheets, orders, acceptance certificates of completed work, employment contracts, settlement payment statements, bank statements, payment orders and demands, agreements on material liability, cumulative (revolving) statements, order journals, memorial orders for balance sheet accounts, general ledgers, balance sheets and other primary and consolidated documents of accounting and tax accounting and reporting.
If accounting was carried out in electronic form, the expert is provided with printed accounting registers, which must be certified in accordance with the established procedure.
If an expert examination is appointed to verify the conclusions of a documentary audit, the document on the appointment of the expert examination (engagement of an expert) states which conclusions and for what reasons are questionable (contradict other materials of the case, unconvincingly substantiated by financial inspectors, etc.).
If necessary, to determine which documents should be provided to the expert for research in each specific case, it is advisable to seek advice from an expert economist.
Documents should be organized chronologically (by relevant periods), filed, bound, and numbered.